"Users -> User settings -> App registrations: Users can register applications" can be set to "no" to prevent users from registering new applications. A Cloud Access Security Broker can also be used to ban applications.Īzure offers a couple of enterprise policy settings in the Azure Management Portal that may help:
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They can also block end-user registration of applications by their users, to reduce risk. Suspicious applications should be investigated and removed.Īdministrators can block end-user consent to OAuth applications, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth 2.0 and forcing administrative consent for all requests. This should be done extensively on all applications in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated applications. Īdministrators should perform an audit of all OAuth applications and the permissions they have been granted to access organizational data. They also targeted Yahoo users with applications masquerading as "Delivery Service" and "McAfee Email Protection". ĪPT28 has used several malicious applications to steal user OAuth access tokens including applications masquerading as "Google Defender" "Google Email Protection," and "Google Scanner" for Gmail users.
Īdversaries have been seen targeting Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, and Yahoo Mail users. Once the OAuth access token is granted, the application can gain potentially long-term access to features of the user account through Application Access Token. Then, they can send a link through Spearphishing Link to the target user to entice them to grant access to the application. The adversary will need to complete registration of their application with the authorization server, for example Microsoft Identity Platform using Azure Portal, the Visual Studio IDE, the command-line interface, PowerShell, or REST API calls. An OAuth access token enables a third-party application to interact with resources containing user data in the ways requested by the application without obtaining user credentials.Īdversaries can leverage OAuth authorization by constructing a malicious application designed to be granted access to resources with the target user's OAuth token.
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An example commonly-used sequence is Microsoft's Authorization Code Grant flow. An application desiring access to cloud-based services or protected APIs can gain entry using OAuth 2.0 through a variety of authorization protocols. OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. This can occur through social engineering and typically requires user action to grant access.Īpplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).
Adversaries can steal user application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.
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